排球中的物理问题:有目的的扣球

排球教练向作者提出了一个排球中的物理问题:“运动员应跳多高去扣球才能使球过网并落在对方场地预想的区域内?”作者在本文中应用抛物体的运动公式及有关的力学知识推导证明这个问题,并获得了当球落在对方场地的预想区域时,运动员跳起扣球的高度公式.     

Editorial

This article examines the moderating effect of institutional distance on the relation between personal experiences of chief executive officers (CEOs) and entry mode choice. Hypotheses are tested with data on 156 foreign direct investments made by west-European multinational enterprises in 10 central and eastern European economies in the 1992–2002 period of transition. Two demographic features are examined: CEOs’ age and international experience. The results provide support for the theory that the impact of CEOs’ experiences on the entry mode choice is conditional on the institutional distance between home and host countries.     

区域文化价值观对国家审计结果生产和运用的影响——基于区域文化价值观和地方审计数据

区域文化价值观作为一项重要的非正式制度,通过影响社会成员的思维心理和行为,对国家审计产生影响。围绕区域文化价值观影响国家审计结果生产和运用提出理论框架,选取2008—2017年各省区市文化价值观数据和审计数据进行实证检验。结果表明：区域文化价值观中的权力距离、人际关怀导向、绩效导向和恃强性特征对国家审计结果生产和运用均存在显著影响,权力距离与国家审计结果运用之间存在“倒U”型关系;人际关怀导向对国家审计结果生产有负向抑制作用;绩效导向与国家审计结果生产之间存在“U”型关系,对国家审计结果运用则有正向促进作用;恃强性对国家审计结果生产有正向促进作用,与国家审计结果运用之间则存在“倒U”型关系。研究结论对完善国家审计结果生产和运用制度具有参考价值。     

国家文化距离对中国对外贸易的影响——基于31个国家和地区贸易数据的引力模型分析

随着国际贸易的不断发展,国家文化因素对它的影响作用逐渐得到重视。本文利用中国与31个国家和地区1995-2009年的贸易数据,引入Hofstede的国家文化维度建立中国对外贸易引力模型,研究国家文化距离对中国对外贸易的影响。研究显示,国家文化距离对中国贸易存在双重影响,作为整体变量,它对中国对外贸易有负面影响,作为组合变量,权力距离等几个维度对中国对外贸易有正面影响;此外,国家文化距离对中国进出口贸易的影响程度存在差异。     

Regional wages and market potential in the enlarged EU: an empirical investigation

This article empirically analyses the link between market potential and regional wages in the enlarged EU. We contribute to the existing literature in several ways: (1) we analyse the link between market potential and wages for the EU27 and (2) deconstruct total market potential into several geographical components and analyse their respective contributions to explaining the geographical wage structure. We correct for existing spatial autocorrelation and endogeneity by using an instrumental variable generalized spatial two-stage least squares (IV GS2SLS).     

Analysing wage differentials when workers maximize the return to human capital investment

The analysis of the determinants of differences in wages across workers has traditionally relied on the estimation of average earnings functions. In this article, we propose a new theoretical model where it is the workers who decide the amount they wish to invest in human capital, taking into account the costs of acquiring those skills, for the purpose of maximizing earnings. In this model, both human capital and marginal productivity are likely to be influenced by the individual’s (unobserved) characteristics such as ability or motivation, potentially giving rise to endogeneity problems. In this context, the empirical implementation of our theoretical model allows us, under certain assumptions, to obtain consistent estimates even under the assumption of endogeneity. We present an empirical application to the education sector using data from the Spanish Structure of Earnings Survey 2010. Our results show that females and workers in the private education sector face more difficulties in achieving their maximum potential wage.     

Adapting adaptation: Expanding adaptive strategy theory to account for the East Asian business context

This paper extends international business theory by providing insights into contextual boundaries of the dominant strategic adaptation model, based on assumptions of low power distance and a bottom-up management style. We challenge them by examining the context of Asian organizations with contrasting management style and ask how it is possible for them to adapt. We propose a supplementary “top-down” model of adaptation, supported by empirical data from East Asian organizations. The model involves low autonomy of lower- and middle-level managers, but fluid communication from bottom to top, enabling informed but authoritarian adaptive decision-making exclusively at the behest of top management.     

European financial crisis and bank productivity: evidence from Eastern European Countries

The paper examines the productivity levels of the largest banks operating in the Eastern European countries over the period of the ongoing European financial crisis. Specifically, the analysis covers the periods of U.S. subprime crisis, the global financial crisis and the sovereign debt crisis. By adopting a fully nonparametric framework, it provides a probabilistic version of a directional input-oriented Malmquist productivity index alongside with its main decomposition. The results from the analysis suggest that banks have faced a deterioration of their productivity levels between the examined periods. It is evident that during the initiation of European sovereign debt crisis, the banks have weakened their ability to utilize efficiently their inputs of production and their ability to realize scale economies.     

道德解脱与归因：企业非伦理行为面前员工为何保持沉默？

面对企业非伦理行为,员工有时候为何选择沉默,这是近年来学者比较关注的问题。文章聚焦于自利型伦理氛围这一特定情境,采用跨层次研究方法,探索道德解脱在不同归因情况下对员工沉默的影响。研究发现,面对企业的非伦理问题,道德解脱（归己因）在自利型伦理氛围与员工沉默之间起到完全中介作用。道德解脱（归他因）在自利型伦理氛围与员工沉默之间起到部分中介作用。权力距离在道德解脱与员工沉默之间起到负向调节作用。研究表明,员工面对企业的非伦理问题是否选择沉默,主要取决于企业的自利型伦理氛围和个体道德解脱的意义建构。文章对于揭示企业非伦理行为下员工沉默选择问题具有理论和现实价值。